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日本ヒートアイランド学会論文集 Vol.2 (2007)

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07A00107A001学術論文
高揚水性レンコン型多孔質セラミックス材料の作製とその蒸発冷却効果
Preparation of Lotus-type Porous Ceramics with High Water Pump-up Ability and Its Cooling Effect by Water Vapor Evaporation

岡田 清 Kiyoshi Okada*1, 亀島 欣一 Yoshikazu Kameshima*1, 中島 章 Akira Nakajima*1, Chengala D.Madhusoodana*2

*1東京工業大学大学院理工学研究科材料工学専攻 Department of Metallurgy and Ceramics Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
*2Ceramic Technological Institute, BHEL, India

概要を開く

Porous cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18) ceramics with oriented through hole pores were prepared by an extrusion method. A paste for the extrusion was prepared by mixing cordierite powder and nylon fibers as pore formers with cellulose binder and water, and extruded by a piston extruder. After drying, the extruded rods (400 mm×60 mmφ) were heated at 1250oC for 4 h. The resulting porous ceramics had an apparent porosity of 46.6%, water absorption of 34.9% and bulk density of 1.34 g/cm3 (relative density of 53.4%). The microstructure shows orientation of cylindrical pores parallel to the extruded direction. The ceramics showed water pump-up ability of about 1 h for 400 mm height (h) by the capillary force. The possible pump-up height estimated from the pump-up rate (h=61.3t0.438) is about 900 mm by 8 h and the pump-up height as high as 800 mm was confirmed by stacking of two pieces of ceramics rods. The wet ceramic rod pump-upped water showed 8.7oC lowering of the surface temperature compared with dry ceramics when its surface temperature is 38oC.
07A00207A002学術論文
蒸発冷却手法による都市街区単位のヒートアイランドポテンシャルの低減効果に関する数値解析
Numerical Analysis on the Mitigating Effects of Evaporative Cooling Strategies on the Heat Island Potential for Urban Blocks

何 江 Jiang He*1, 梅干野 晁 Akira Hoyano*1

*1東京工業大学大学院総合理工学研究科 Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology

概要を開く

The sensible heat flux emitted from an urban block is considered to be one cause of urban heat island formation and can be quantified by an index: the heat island potential (HIP). Two evaporative cooling strategies to reduce the sensible heat flux by lowering the urban surface temperature are focused in this paper. One strategy is to use a pavement with a capability of water-holding, and the other is to use a water system for sprinkling the building surfaces which are coated with super-hydrophilic photocatalyst (TiO2). Four urban blocks with different land use are selected for quantitatively analyzing the mitigating effect of the two strategies on the HIP. As a result, it was found that the reduction effect of the HIP is influenced by spatial configurations (shadow distribution), etc. The analysis was carried out based on the numerical simulations using a thermal simulation tool developed by the authors. The results from the present study can provide useful findings for making an effective use of the two strategies in the urban/built environment design.
07B00107B001学術論文
光触媒外装材への散水による屋外熱環境の改善効果
−土地利用と土地被覆の異なる実在街区を対象とした数値解析−

Outdoor Thermal Environment Improvement by the Watering System for Cooling Photocatalyst-coated External Surfaces of Buildings
-Numerical Analysis toward Substantial Urban Area Containing Several Land Uses and Land Covers-

浅輪 貴史 Takashi Asawa*1, 何 江 Jiang He*2

*1エーアンドエー株式会社 A&A Co., Ltd.
*2東京工業大学大学院総合理工学研究科 Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology

概要を開く

This study implements a numerical analysis on the effects that the watering system to the photocatalyst-coated external surfaces of buildings have on the outdoor thermal environment. The heat transfer model that could predict heat and water balance on the photocatalyst-coated surface with water membrane is introduced into the outdoor heat balance simulation model developed by the authors. Substantial urban blocks in the downtown of Tokyo are selected for the analysis. The simulation results quantify the potential impacts of the cooling system on the outdoor thermal environment improvement in terms of surface temperature distributions, Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT), and the Heat Island Potential (HIP).
07A003 07A003学術論文
透水性舗装による都市の熱環境改善効果の研究
Study on the Effect of Permeable Pavement on Improvement of Heat Environment in Urban Area

西山 哲 Nishiyama Satoshi*1, 大西 有三 Ohnishi Yuzo*2, 矢野 隆夫 Yano Takao*3

*1京都大学大学院工学研究科 都市環境工学専攻 Kyoto University, School of Urban and Environment Engineering
*2京都大学大学院工学研究科 都市環境工学専攻 Kyoto University, School of Urban and Environment Engineering
*3京都大学大学院工学研究科 都市環境工学専攻 Kyoto University, School of Urban and Environment Engineering

概要を開く

We have been studying the importance of rainwater cycle for heat and hydrological environment in urban area. A permeable pavement consists of some layers that have high porosity materials and has the advantages of fulfilling a function of regenerating rainwater cycle in urban area. In this paper, we conducted some experiments on the effect of a permeable pavement on the thermal environment using the full-scale model constructed as actual carriageway. The results show that a rainwater storage facility of a permeable pavement produces evaporation from a pavement all day long which decreases the temperature of the pavement surface in comparison with a conventional asphalt pavement. We are planning to spread permeable pavements to prevent heat island with control of flood and underground water by making use of rainwater infiltration and cycle.

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